Annotated+Bibliography

Source 1

Authors Credentials: Spokesperson for FAA

Scopes and purpose of the work:informational report

Thesis: Updated pilot fatigue rules are necessary and must take into account today's aviation system main arguments: Ensure the safety of the ATS by limiting the number of hours of pilot fatigue and duty time

Evidence pilot fatigue is an ongoing safety issue

To overhaul flight duty by clearly defining it get an hour-minute rest period mandate all air carriers to have fatigue risk management plan also created aviation

Is the work logical, clear well researched:

Evaluation of scope: yes many times

Evaluation of author bias:

Reflection: The information was helpful because it was a fact information sheet Because of this new ruling form U.S. Transportation Department and the FAA, there will be distinctions in rest requirements among domestic international and unscheduled flights, How does this affect flight training for the pilots who fly just domestically

Source 2

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Information

Samuel Strauss is a board certified physician in osteopathic medicine and a masters in public health. He also worked in the aerospace medicine for NASA at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. This report compiled by Dr. Strauss is an information piece that is intended to educate the reader about the medical causes and effects of pilot fatigue. He gives an overview of the warnings and provides solutions to solve this problem. Dr. Strauss is an expert in the field and the intended audience is for medical professionals, airport managers, pilots, airline executives and flight crew members.

Summary

Dr. Strauss gives an in depth analysis and description of fatigue and it's affect on flight operations. He also outlines an example of pilot fatigue due to human era by providing a case scenario. After the quick analysis of the case scenario, Dr. Strauss than defines sleep, sleep loss, and sleep patterns using medical terminologies. Dr. Strauss than goes on to examine sleep and the affects of fatigue along with a medical terminology called circadian rhythms. After examining physiological and behavior patterns of sleep, the doctor provides solutions for restful sleep for pilots and crew members. Then provides a detailed warning sign of fatigue and warning signs of fatigue, countermeasures, and recommendations. Evidence that is provided in this report is from a study that was done by the National Transportation Safety Board of U.S major carrier accidents involving flight crew from 1978 to 1990.

Evaluation

Evaluation of research: The work is clear and very well researched and provides adequate information that a layperson can understand.

Evaluation of scope: The topic has been adequately addressed

Evaluation of Author bias: The author is not biased because he provides medical information about the negative affects of fatigue on pilots and flight crew members. He also therefore gives medical recommendations as well as countermeasures for solving the problem.

Reflection: Yes the source is helpful to my research about pilot fatigue. The evidence that the source provides is that Dr. Strauss gives medical information and he is also a researcher and an expert in aerospace medicine for NASA. I learned what fatigue is and it's affect on pilots.

Source 3

Jones, Charisse. "Add 'pilot' to List of Jobs That Aren't so Great Now." //USA Today Today in the Sky//. 22 Feb. 2010. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. < [|http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2010-02-18-pilots18_CV_N.htm>]

Information Charisse Jones is a reporter for USA Today. It is an editorial and an informational report because several pilots are being interviewed and giving their viewpoints about being a pilot. The intended audience is a lay person or fans of the aviation industry.

Summary

Charisse Jones interviews Alex Scarcella and talks about the positives and negatives of being a pilot. It outlines how it can be a difficult job, pilot fatigue, pay cuts, long hours, worries,stress and what it's like when you start. Charrise Jones interviews Bob Hart who is a pilot for United Airlines and explains that there is more to being a pilot than just flying a plane and the difficulties that pilots face. She then concludes the article with an interview with Dave Ryter who is a captain for American Eagle. He explains the struggle when starting out as a regional pilot because of low wages and that many pilots have part time jobs. She also interviews the National Transportation Safety Board Chairwomen Debbie Hersman who talks about the challenges her organization and the FAA face when addressing the problems of pilot fatigue. Charisse Jones doesn't take a side because she is outlining the realities of what it is like to be a pilot. The evidence she provides are interviews of actual pilots and the facts about their aviation career.

Evaluation

Evaluation of research:The work is an informational and an editorial report. It is logical, clear, and well written.

Evaluation of scope: The topic has been adequately addressed.

Evaluation of author bias: The author is not biased because she interviews various pilots and they address various topics regarding aviation. They provide logical information regarding various concerns in the aviation industry.

Reflection: Yes because it talks about the concerns of pilot fatigue and touches on the reality of being a pilot. I learned that being a pilot isn't all what it is hyped up to be. The evidence provided is a serious of interviews of commercial pilots.The information in the article helped me with my argument because Charisse Jones talked to actual pilots about what a pilots life is like even though they didn't touch upon the grueling schedules, but they did talk about the fatigue because of long hours and the stress.

Source 4

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39214869/ns/us_news/

Information Tessa Muggeridge is a reporter for msnbc. This article is a persuasive piece because the author is trying to convince people that pilots taking naps in the cockpit would be a good idea. The thesis of the article is it might be a good idea to let pilots take naps in the cockpit to reduce pilot fatigue. The main arguments of the article is that fighter pilots have been taken naps in the cockpit for years and airliners in other countries let their pilots do it. The article is intended for the lay person and an expert in the field because it is trying to show that pilots taking naps in the cockpit might be beneficial.

Summery Letting a pilot take naps during a flight can be safe if there is something that prevents them from falling into a deep sleep. She talks about how some airlines in other countries already allow a pilot to take naps during a flight. In 1994 NASA and the Federal Aviation Administration found that naps of up to 40 minutes are safe and effective on flights more than seven hours. A 1989 NASA survey found that eighty percent of pilots at 26 regional airlines admitted to taking a nap in the cockpit.

Evaluation The work is clear and understandable. The topic has been adequately addressed. The author is motivated to take the position that naps in the cockpit are a good idea.

Reflection Yes the source was helpful. I learned that a pilot taking a nap could help and pilots in other countries are already doing it. The evidence provided is interviews from professors. The information in the article helped me develop my argument.

Source 5

http://www.usairlinepilots.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7609:us-airways-pilots-express-serious-concerns-to-congress-regarding-faas-proposed-fix-to-pilot-fatigue-and-related-airline-accidents-&catid=271:press-releases&Itemid=331

Information

It is an overview from the Us Airlines Pilots Association.

Summery

The US Airlines Pilots Association submitted testimony to the U.S House of Representatives subcommittee on aviation. They expressed serious concerns regarding the Federal Aviation proposal to fix the pilot fatigue problem. It talks about how the FAA. It talks about how the Federal Aviation Administration, pilot unions and the airline industry all agreed to use a scientific approach to address pilot fatigue, and that an Aviation Rulemaking Committee was established to address the problem. It then talks about areas where they believed that the pilot fatigue proposal failed.

Evaluation

The article is hard to understand for a person that doesn’t know aviation because it uses abbreviations. The topic has been adequately addressed. The US Airlines Pilots Association is not biased because they feel there are some positives to the proposed rules but also feel that it will induce pilot fatigue and degrade safety as opposed to the rules that are currently in place.

Reflection

This source is helpful. I learned that the US Airlines Pilots Association is concerned the new Federal Aviation's pilot fatigue rules. The evidence that the source provides is information from the pilot fatigue proposal. The information in the source helped develop my argument because it talks about how an airline reacted to the new pilot fatigue proposed rules.

 Source 6 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39657085/ns/travel-news/

Information John Lowy is a writer for the Associated Press. The article is an informational report because it. The intended person is a lay person.

Summery The thesis is that the proposed pilot fatigue rule change is facing opposition from industry officials with the concern about raising pilot salaries. A federal aviation Administration advisory panel wants to reduce by two-thirds a requirement that airline co-pilots have a minimum of 1,500 hours of flying experience. The article then talks about how airlines are going to have to raise the pilot salaries and benefits to attract experienced fliers. University flight schools are concerned that if beginner pilots have to accumulate 1,500 hours of flight experience before they can be hired by an airline, they'll skip expensive university training in favor of gathering flight time through per-hour instruction. At the end of the article various people who work in the FAA were quoted.

Evaluation The work is logical, clear, well researched. The topic has been adequately addressed. John Lowy takes an objective stance because it explains that most pilots don’t have 1,500 hours.

Reflection I learned that a Federal Aviation Administration advisory panel wants to reduce a requirement that minimum of 1,500 hours of flying experience. The evidence that the source provides is facts about the hours required and quotes from various people in the aviation industry.

Source 7 []

Information

Tessa Muggeridge went to Arizona State University and is an executive editor at state press, state press magazine, and new 21.and Charlie Litton went to University of Nebraska and is a fellow for News 21. It is an informational report because it list statistics about the railways, highways, and waterways along with aviation.

Summery The thesis of the article is that fatigue happens in the air on the road and also on the rails. It talks about how there have been many aviation accidents and incidents that are related to fatigue. It then talks about how the regulations have gone unchanged for many years. It then goes on to talk about the highways and how fatigue has an effect on the roads. The article talks about how an engineer nodded off and the train rolled through several signals and flashing lights. It talks about how a cruise ship in Alaska ran aground and that fatigue may have played a role in the accident.

Evaluation

The work is logical, clear, and well written. The topic has been adequately addressed. The work is not biased because it talks about fatigue on the highways, in the air, on the rails, and on the waterways and cites accidents that fatigue might have attributed too.

Reflection

I learned that fatigue doesn’t only happen in the air. It also happens in other forms of transportation. The evidence that the source provides facts on fatigue related issues on the ground and in the air. The information in the source helped me develop my argument because it talks about various incidents that fatigue could have been a factor.

Source 8 http://www.sfexaminer.com/breaking/despite-vows-of-swift-action-effort-to-launch-new-pilot-fatigue-rules-plagued-by-delays-102514144.html

Information

Joan Lowy is a writer for the associated press. It is her duty to cover transportation safety. It is a persuasive and informational report because the article gives opinion from the crash victim families about the new rules and regulations and how they will be implemented. The article is written for the lay person.

Summary

The thesis of the article is that the author is informing the public that the Obama administration is promising quick action for airline safety and new regulations for pilot fatigue. According to the article the author informs the audience that it has taken the FAA fifth teen months to make changes to the aviation industry. Then Ms. Lowy reports that it may take any longer for the new rules and regulations to be enforced. Ms. Lowy gets her research from the FAA fact sheets, internal reports and interviews. The current rule and cost estimates changes and have yet to be passed to the airlines.

Evaluate

The work is logical, clear, and well written. The topic has been adequately addressed. The work is not biased because it gives a view of the victim’s standpoint.

Reflection

I learned that there is a fight between the airlines and the FAA about the cost. The evidence the source provides to support my argument is the family of the victims believe that it is taken to long and am wondering why anything hasn’t happened yet.

source 9

Jackson, Craig A. "Prevalence of Fatigue among Commercial Pilots." //Occupational Medicine//. June 2006. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. .

Information Craig A. Jackson is a health psychologist at Institute Occupational and Environment Health University of Birmingham UCE Birmingham, UK. It is an informational report that was done in a study among commercial airline pilots and the study is intended for the lay persons, health professionals, and aviation managers in the field.

Summary He did a study of commercial airline pilots in the UK and found similar results of pilot fatigue in the U.S. According to Craig Jackson, pilot has side affects such as memory loss, and many other problems. He says that inadequate duty rest period on average causes a pilot to lose 9.3 hours of sleep when two consecutive flights are made. The author then gives technical information about how pilots circadian rhythm of sleep is offset when proper amounts of sleep is not provided.Mr.Jackson conducted the study at the UK national health service with an anonymous online internet based questionnaire through the professional pilots rumor network over a four week period.

Evaluation The evaluation is researched and clear because the study was conducted with 162 pilots, who averaged and age of 38 years and had a pilots license of at least 11.9 years. The study also left out the word fatigue in the questionnaire. According to the results75 percent of the pilots surveyed were operating despite feeling severely fatigued.

Reflection

Yes the source is helpful because it proves that pilot fatigue is not only an issue in the United States but all over the world and needs to be addressed.The results in the survey show to the issue is the same as the United States and the issue needs to resolved.

Source 10

Levin, Alan. "Loophole Found in Pilot-fatigue Rules - USATODAY.com." //Travel News & Guide: USA TODAY Travel Network - USATODAY.com//. 26 Oct. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. .

Information

Alan Levin is an aerospace and airline industry reporter for USA Today. It is an informational report because it provides facts about pilot facing fatigue that fly private jets and various statistics.

Summery

The article talks about how pilots who fly private jets and charter flights lack protection against fatigue. It talks about how pilots have complained about being forced to work beyond the normal limit. It then talks about how this year there was a proposal to reduce fatigue among pilots. It talks about how fatigue is one of the top issues that are raised among pilots at NetJets.

Evaluation The work is logical, clear and well researched. The topic has been adequately addressed. The author takes an objective stance and is not biased because it givers evidence from people at NASA, National Business Aviation Association, and the president at NetJets.

Reflection I learned that pilot fatigue doesn't only occur in commercial planes, but also with private. The evidence that the source provides is interviews with pilots at NetJets, the vice president of the National Business Aviation Association, and quotes from a NASA system pilot report. The information in the sourced helped me develop my argument because it explains that pilot fatigue is an issue the pilots who fly private jets.